**[[Encouragement of neutral self observation]] (Messer and Warren, 1995<ref>Messer, S. B., & Warren, C. S. (1995).'' Models of brief psychodynamic therapy: A comparative approach.'' New York: Guilford Press.</ref>)

**[[Encouragement of neutral self observation]] (Messer and Warren, 1995<ref>Messer, S. B., & Warren, C. S. (1995).'' Models of brief psychodynamic therapy: A comparative approach.'' New York: Guilford Press.</ref>)

**[[Affirm the client]] (Connors, Donovan, and DiClemente, 2001<ref>Connors, G, Donovan, D, DiClemente, C. (2001) ''Substance abuse treatment and the stages of change: Selecting and planning interventions''. New York: Guilford Press.</ref>)

**[[Affirm the client]] (Connors, Donovan, and DiClemente, 2001<ref>Connors, G, Donovan, D, DiClemente, C. (2001) ''Substance abuse treatment and the stages of change: Selecting and planning interventions''. New York: Guilford Press.</ref>)