| − | '''Martin Heidegger''' (September 26, 1889 – May 26, 1976) was an influential German [[Philosophy|philosopher]] known for his [[existential]] and [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|phenomenological]] explorations of the "question of [[Being]]."<ref>www.mapageweb.umontreal.ca/grondinj/textes_html/Being.doc</ref> His best-known book, ''[[Being and Time]]'', is considered to be one of the most important philosophical works of the 20th century <ref>Lackey, Douglas. 1999. "What Are the Modern Classics? The Baruch Poll of Great Philosophy in the Twentieth Century". ''Philosophical Forum''. 30 (4): 329-46</ref> and he has been influential beyond philosophy, in literature,<ref>http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ABCRPyPVI0IC&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&dq=heidegger+literature&ots=FHI7rZzdtE&sig=3EpXpsg4iE1cMD_1onzH6eGf6DY#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> psychology,<ref>http://tap.sagepub.com/content/8/1/59.abstract</ref> and [[artificial intelligence]].<ref>http://leidlmair.at/doc/WhyHeideggerianAIFailed.pdf</ref> Heidegger remains controversial due to his involvement with [[Nazism]] and statements in support of [[Adolf Hitler]]. | + | '''Martin Heidegger''' (September 26, 1889 – May 26, 1976) was an influential German [[Philosophy|philosopher]] known for his [[existential]] and [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|phenomenological]] explorations of the "question of [[Being]]."<ref>www.mapageweb.umontreal.ca/grondinj/textes_html/Being.doc</ref> His best-known book, ''[[Being and Time]]'', is considered to be one of the most important philosophical works of the 20th century <ref>Lackey, Douglas. 1999. "What Are the Modern Classics? The Baruch Poll of Great Philosophy in the Twentieth Century". ''Philosophical Forum''. 30 (4): 329-46</ref> and he has been influential beyond philosophy, in literature,<ref>http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ABCRPyPVI0IC&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&dq=heidegger+literature&ots=FHI7rZzdtE&sig=3EpXpsg4iE1cMD_1onzH6eGf6DY#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> psychology,<ref>http://tap.sagepub.com/content/8/1/59.abstract</ref> and [[artificial intelligence]].<ref>http://leidlmair.at/doc/WhyHeideggerianAIFailed.pdf</ref> Heidegger remains controversial due to his involvement with Nazism and statements in support of Adolf Hitler. |
| − | Some writers on Heidegger's work see possibilities within it for dialogue with traditions of thought outside of Western philosophy, particularly East Asian thinking. Despite perceived differences between Eastern and Western philosophy, some of Heidegger's later work, particularly "A Dialogue on Language between a Japanese and an Inquirer", does show an interest in initiating such a dialogue.<ref>Heidegger, "A Dialogue on Language between a Japanese and an Inquirer", in ''On the Way to Language'' (New York: Harper & Row, 1971).</ref> Heidegger himself had contact with a number of leading Japanese intellectuals, including members of the [[Kyoto School]], notably [[Hajime Tanabe]] and [[Kuki Shūzō]]. It has also been claimed that a number of elements within Heidegger's thought bear a close parallel to Eastern philosophical ideas, particularly [[Zen Buddhism]] and [[Taoism]]. Paul Hsao records [[Chang Chung-Yuan]] saying that "Heidegger is the only Western Philosopher who not only intellectually understands but has intuitively grasped Taoist thought."{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}} Some authors see great influence of Japanese scholars in Heidegger's work, although this influence is not acknowledged by the author.<ref>Heidegger's hidden sources: East Asian influences on his work By Reinhard May, Graham Parkes</ref> | + | Some writers on Heidegger's work see possibilities within it for dialogue with traditions of thought outside of Western philosophy, particularly East Asian thinking. Despite perceived differences between Eastern and Western philosophy, some of Heidegger's later work, particularly "A Dialogue on Language between a Japanese and an Inquirer", does show an interest in initiating such a dialogue.<ref>Heidegger, "A Dialogue on Language between a Japanese and an Inquirer", in ''On the Way to Language'' (New York: Harper & Row, 1971).</ref> Heidegger himself had contact with a number of leading Japanese intellectuals, including members of the [[Kyoto School]], notably [[Hajime Tanabe]] and [[Kuki Shūzō]]. It has also been claimed that a number of elements within Heidegger's thought bear a close parallel to Eastern philosophical ideas, particularly [[Zen Buddhism]] and [[Taoism]]. Paul Hsao records [[Chang Chung-Yuan]] saying that "Heidegger is the only Western Philosopher who not only intellectually understands but has intuitively grasped Taoist thought." Some authors see great influence of Japanese scholars in Heidegger's work, although this influence is not acknowledged by the author.<ref>Heidegger's hidden sources: East Asian influences on his work By Reinhard May, Graham Parkes</ref> |
| − | Some scholars interested in the relationships between Western philosophy and the history of ideas in [[Islam]] and Arabic philosophical medieval sources may have been influenced by Heidegger's work.<ref>See for instance: Nader El-Bizri, ''The Phenomenological Quest between [[Avicenna]] and Heidegger'' (Binghamton, N.Y.: Global Publications SUNY, 2000)</ref> It is claimed the works of counter-enlightenment philosophers such as Heidegger, along with [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] and [[Joseph de Maistre]], influenced Iran's [[Shia]] Islamists, notably [[Ali Shariati]], in constructing the ideological foundations of the [[Iranian Revolution]] and modern political Islam.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=S95R7trHf9oC&dq "Political Islam, Iran, and the Enlightenment: Philosophies of Hope and Despair"], Ali Mirsepassi. Cambridge University Press, 2010. ISBN 052174590X, 9780521745901. p. 90</ref><ref>[http://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2011/01/11/irans-islamists-influenced-by-western-philosophers-nyus-mirsepassi-concludes-in-new-book.html "Iran's Islamists Influenced By Western Philosophers, NYU's Mirsepassi Concludes in New Book"], New York University. January 11, 2011. Accessed February 15, 2011</ref> | + | Some scholars interested in the relationships between Western philosophy and the history of ideas in Islam and Arabic philosophical medieval sources may have been influenced by Heidegger's work.<ref>See for instance: Nader El-Bizri, ''The Phenomenological Quest between [[Avicenna]] and Heidegger'' (Binghamton, N.Y.: Global Publications SUNY, 2000)</ref> It is claimed the works of counter-enlightenment philosophers such as Heidegger, along with [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] and [[Joseph de Maistre]], influenced Iran's [[Shia]] Islamists, notably [[Ali Shariati]], in constructing the ideological foundations of the [[Iranian Revolution]] and modern political Islam.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=S95R7trHf9oC&dq "Political Islam, Iran, and the Enlightenment: Philosophies of Hope and Despair"], Ali Mirsepassi. Cambridge University Press, 2010. ISBN 052174590X, 9780521745901. p. 90</ref><ref>[http://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2011/01/11/irans-islamists-influenced-by-western-philosophers-nyus-mirsepassi-concludes-in-new-book.html "Iran's Islamists Influenced By Western Philosophers, NYU's Mirsepassi Concludes in New Book"], New York University. January 11, 2011. Accessed February 15, 2011</ref> |