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'''Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt''' (16 August 1832 – 31 August 1920) was a German physician, physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the founding figures of modern psychology. Wundt, who noted [[psychology]] as a [[science]] apart from biology and philosophy, was the first person to ever call himself a [[Psychologist]].<ref>Carlson, Neil and Heth,C.Donald''"Psychology the Science of Behaviour". Pearson Education Inc,2010 p. 18</ref> He is widely regarded as the "father of [[experimental psychology]]".<ref name="plato.stanford.edu">[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/wilhelm-wundt/ Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)]</ref><ref>Butler-Bowdon, Tom. [http://books.google.com/books?id=wfjB9Blnk8kC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r#PPA20,M1 ''50 Psychology Classics''], (2007): p. 2.</ref> In 1879, Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research at the [[University of Leipzig]]. This marked psychology as an independent field of study.<ref name="Schacter, Daniel. L Psychology">Schacter, Daniel. L "Psychology"</ref>

By creating this laboratory he was able to explore the nature of religious beliefs,
identify mental disorders and abnormal behavior, and find damaged parts of the brain. In doing so, he was able to establish psychology as a separate science from other topics. He also formed the first [[Scientific journal|journal]] for psychological research in the year 1881.

==Biography==
Wundt was born at [[Neckarau]], [[Baden]] (now part of [[Mannheim]]) on 16 August <ref>Titchener, E.B. (1921). Wilhelm Wundt. The American Journal of Psychology, 32(2). Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/stable/1413739</ref> 1832, the fourth child to parents Maximilian Wundt (a [[Lutheran Church|Lutheran]] minister), and his wife Marie Frederike, née Arnold (1797-1868). Wundt's paternal grandfather was [[Friedrich Peter Wundt]] (1742-1805), Professor of Geography and pastor in [[Wieblingen]].<ref name="Lamberti">Georg Lamberti: ''Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt 1832–1920.Leben, Werk und Persönlichkeit in Bildern und Texten.''Deutscher Psychologen Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-925559-83-3''.</ref> When Wundt was about four years of age, his family moved to [[Heidelsheim]], then a small medieval town in [[Baden-Württemberg]].

Wundt studied from 1851 to 1856 at the [[University of Tübingen]], at the [[University of Heidelberg]], and at the [[University of Berlin]]. After graduating in [[medicine]] from [[Heidelberg]] (1856), Wundt studied briefly with [[Johannes Peter Müller]], before joining the University's staff, becoming an assistant to the [[Physics|physicist]] and physiologist [[Hermann von Helmholtz]] in 1858.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bf4dv7zn3u.search.serialssolutions.com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Prof.+Wilhelm+Wundt&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.au=HICKS%2C+G.+DAWES&rft.date=1920-09-16&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2655&rft.spage=83&rft.epage=85&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2F106083a0&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1038_106083a0|title=Prof. Wilhelm Wundt}}</ref><ref>http://wilhelmwundt.com/index.htm</ref> There he wrote ''Contributions to the Theory of Sense Perception'' (1858–62).<ref name=Stanford-WWLife>[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/wilhelm-wundt/#LifTim "Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt", in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, section on "Life and Times"]</ref> In 1865, he wrote a textbook about human physiology. However, his main interest was not in physiology but in the medical field of pathological anatomy.<ref>Titchner, E.B. 28 November 1970. "Wilhelm Wundt." ''The American Journal of Psychology'' '''296'''(7683). http://www.jstor.org/stable/1413739</ref> In 1867 he became a professor in acquainting medical students with the exact physical needs for medical investigation. In 1874, he became a professor of "Inductive Philosophy" in Zurich.

In 1867, near Heidelberg, Wundt met Sophie Mau (1844-1912). She was the eldest daughter of the Kiel theology professor [[Heinrich August Mau]] and his wife Louise, née von Rumohr, and a sister of the archaeologist [[August Mau]]. They married on 14 August 1872 in Kiel.<ref name="Lamberti"/> The couple had three children: Eleanor (*1876-1957 ), Lily (1880-1884), and [[Max Wundt]] (1879-1963), who became a philosopher.

During Wundt's time at the University of Heidelberg he offered the first course ever taught in scientific psychology, all the while stressing the use of experimental methods drawn from the natural sciences, emphasizing the physiological relationship of the human brain and the mind.  His background in physiology would have a great effect on his approach to the new science of psychology.  His lectures on psychology were published as ''Lectures on the Mind of Humans and Animals'' in 1863-1864. He was promoted to Assistant Professor of Physiology at Heidelberg in 1864.<ref name=Stanford-WWLife/> [[Ernst Heinrich Weber|Weber]] (1795–1878) and [[Gustav Fechner|Fechner]] (1801–1887), who worked at Leipzig, inspired Wundt's interest in psychology.

Wundt applied himself to writing a work that came to be one of the most important in the history of psychology, ''[[Principles of Physiological Psychology]]'' in 1874. This was the first textbook that was written pertaining to the field of psychology.<ref>Carlson, Neil and Heth,C.Donald''"Psychology the Science of Behaviour". Pearson Education Inc,2010</ref> Wundt claimed that the book was "an attempt to mark out [psychology] as a new domain of science".<ref>Francher, 1979, p. 126</ref> The ''Principles'' utilized a system of psychology that sought to investigate the immediate experiences of consciousness, including feelings, emotions, volitions and ideas, mainly explored through Wundt's system of "internal perception", or the self-examination of conscious experience by objective observation of one's consciousness.

In 1875, Wundt moved to Leipzig. In 1879, at the University of Leipzig, Wundt opened the first laboratory ever to be exclusively devoted to psychological studies, and this event marked the official birth of psychology as an independent field of study. The new lab was full of graduate students carrying out research on topics assigned by Wundt, and it soon attracted young scholars from all over the world who were eager to learn about the new science that Wundt had developed.<ref>Schacter, Daniel. L  "Psychology"</ref>

==Wundt's work and influence on modern psychology==


Wundt believed that scientific psychology should focus on analyzing consciousness, a person's subjective experience of the world and mind.<ref name="Schacter, Daniel. L Psychology"/> Parts of Wundt's system were developed and championed by his one-time student, [[Edward B. Titchener|Titchener]], who described his system as [[Structuralism (psychology)|Structuralism]], or the analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind. This approach involved breaking consciousness down into elemental sensations and feelings.<ref name="Schacter, Daniel. L Psychology"/>  Wundt believed that scientific psychology should focus on consciousness and therefore centralizes on structuralism.  Wundt analyzes the constituents of the mind by using a method called introspection, which involves the subjective observation of one's own  experience.<ref name="Schacter, Daniel. L Psychology"/> This became the reason why structuralism gradually faded out, based on the unreliability of this method.<ref>Schacter, Gilbert, Wagner (2011). Psychology. Second Edition. Worth Publishers</ref> Several of Wundt's works, including ''Principles of Physiological Psychology'', are considered fundamentally important texts in the fields of physiology and psychology. Though widely recognized as important in the birth and growth of psychology, his influence on psychology today is a subject of continuing debate among experts.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}} Wundt also influenced in the field of psycholinguistics. For example, the influential [[Leonard Bloomfield]] based his linguistics textbook, published in 1914, on Wundtian psychology. Wundt hypothesized that the mental sentence, or "inner psychological construction", determines the unfolding sentence, and should therefore be regarded as a unit of speech.<ref>''Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics'', Kieth Brown, Cambridge University</ref>       

In 1886, in his "Logik", Wundt formulated the famous expression ''[[heterogony of ends]]'' (''Heterogonie der Zwecke'').<ref name="Schneider86p172">Schneider, Louis (1986) [http://books.google.es/books?id=pdL47hWnKOoC&pg=RA1-PA172 ''Paradox and society: the work of Bernard Mandeville''] pp.172-3</ref><ref>[[Nicola Abbagnano]] and Giovanni Fornero (2004) [http://books.google.es/books?id=DNpue_u2V7YC&pg=PA542 ''Diccionario de filosofía''] p.542</ref>

Several of Wundt's students became eminent psychologists in their own right, including two who became philosophers ([[Ljubomir Nedić]] and [[Branislav Petronijević]]). They include: the Germans [[Oswald Külpe]] (a professor at the [[University of Würzburg]]), [[Ottmar Dittrich]] (who continued Wundt's work in psycholinguistics by heading the group on phonetics and psychology of language at the [[University of Leipzig]]); the Americans [[James McKeen Cattell]] (the first professor of psychology in the United States), [[G. Stanley Hall]] (the father of the [[child psychology]] movement and [[Youth development|adolescent developmental]] theorist, head of [[Clark University]]), [[Charles Hubbard Judd]] (Director of the School of Education at the [[University of Chicago]]), [[Hugo Münsterberg]], [[Walter Dill Scott]] (who contributed to the development of [[industrial psychology]] and taught at [[Harvard University]]), [[Edward B. Titchener|Edward Bradford Titchener]], [[Lightner Witmer]] (founder of the first [[Clinical psychology|psychological clinic]] in his country); the [[Englishman]] [[Charles Spearman]] (who developed the [[two-factor theory of intelligence]] and several important statistical analyses - ''see [[Factor analysis]]'', ''[[Spearman's rank correlation coefficient]]''); the [[Romania]]n [[Constantin Rădulescu-Motru]] ([[Personalism|Personalist]] philosopher and head of the Philosophy department at the [[University of Bucharest]]).

The University of Leipzig assigned Wundt a lab in 1876 to store equipment he had brought from Zurich.<ref name="Hothersall">History of Psychology , Fourth Edition, McGraw Hill Co., 2004</ref> Located in the Konvikt building, many of Wundt's demonstrations took place in this laboratory due to the inconvenience of transporting his equipment between the lab and his classroom. Wundt collected many pieces of equipment such as tachistoscopes, chronoscopes, pendulums, electrical devices, timers, and sensory mapping devices and was known to assign an instrument to various graduate students with the assignment of developing uses for future research in experimentation.<ref name="Hothersall" />

In 1879 Wundt began conducting experiments that were not part of his course work, and he claimed that these independent experiments solidified his lab's legitimacy as a formal laboratory of psychology, though the University did not officially recognize the building as part of the campus until 1883.<ref name="Hothersall" /> Wundt faced much opposition in regards to his fellow colleague's rejections of psychology as a legitimate science and their questions concerning the nature of introspection.<ref name="Hothersall" /> Despite this opposition, the laboratory grew and encompassing a total of eleven rooms, the Psychological  Institute, as it became known, eventually moved to a new building that Wundt had designed specifically for psychological research.<ref name="Hothersall" />

Wundt's laboratory students called their approach ''[[Ganzheitspsychologie]]'' ("[[Holism|holistic]] psychology") following Wundt's death.<ref>Kim, Alan, "Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt", in Edward N. Zalta (ed.), ''The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' (Spring 2014 Edition) see [http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2014/entries/wilhelm-wundt/ here].</ref> Much of Wundt's work was derided mid-century in the United States because of a lack of adequate translations, misrepresentations by certain students, and [[behaviorism]]'s polemic with the [[Structuralism (psychology)|structuralist]] program. Titchener, a two-year resident of Wundt's lab and one of Wundt's most vocal advocates in the United States, is responsible for several English translations and mistranslations of Wundt's works that supported his own views and approach, which he termed "structuralism" and claimed was wholly consistent with Wundt's position.

Titchener's focus on internal structures of mind was rejected by behaviorists following the ideas of [[B. F. Skinner]]; the latter dominated psychological studies in the mid-1900s. Part of this rejection included Wundt, whose work was eclipsed during this period. In later decades, his actual positions and techniques have seen reconsideration and reassessment by major psychologists.

An [[optical illusion]] described by him is called the ''[[Wundt illusion]]''

Wundt tried to provide objective measurements of conscious processes by using reaction time techniques similar to those first developed by [[Helmholtz]]. His fasting research participants, focusing only on the response they were to make, could respond automatically to the tone because they didn't have to engage in the additional step of interpretation. This type of experimentation broke new ground by showing that psychologists could use scientific techniques to disentangle even subtle conscious processes. [2]

Like many of his contemporaries, Wundt accepted a [[developmental]] conception of mind. But [[developmental]] in the idealist sense of unfolding reason, such that the highest intelligence is a logical product of more primitive manifestations.

==Publications==
Wundt was extremely prolific in publications, of which this is a selection only.

[[File:Wilhelm Wundt Gravestone.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Wundt's gravestone. The main part of the inscription is:

WILHELM WUNDT
geboren 16. August 1832 in Neckarau bei Mannheim
gestorben 31. August 1920 in Großbothen bei Leipzig
Gott ist Geist und die ihn anbeten
müssen ihn im Geist und in der Wahrheit anbeten.
* * *
SOPHIE WUNDT
GEB[oren], MAU
geboren 23. Januar 1844 in Kiel
gestorben 15. April 1914 in Leipzig
Gott ist die Liebe und wer in Liebe bleibt
der bleibt in Gott und Gott in ihm.

A translation is:

WILHELM WUNDT
born 16 August 1832 in Neckarau in Mannheim[,]
died 31 August 1920 in Großbothen in Leipzig[.]
God is Spirit and they that worship him
must worship him in spirit and in truth.
* * *
SOPHIE Wundt
NÉE, MAU
born 23 January 18, 1844 in Kiel[,]
died 15 April 1914 in Leipzig[.]
God is love and who abides in love
abides in God and God in him.

]]
* ''Die Lehre von der Muskelbewegung'' (The Patterns of Muscular Movement), (Vieweg, Braunschweig 1858).
* ''Die Geschwindigkeit des Gedankens'' (The Velocity of Thought) (Die Gartenlaube 1862, Vol 17, p.&nbsp;263)
* ''Beiträge zur Theorie der Sinneswahrnehmung'' (Contributions on the Theory of Sensory Perception), (Winter, Leipzig 1862).
* ''Vorlesungen über die Menschen -und Tierseele'' (Lectures about Human and Animal Psychology), (Voss, Leipzig 1863/1864).
* ''Lehrbuch der Physiologie des Menschen'' (Text-book of Human Physiology), (Enke, Erlangen 1865).
* ''Die physikalischen Axiome und ihre Beziehung zum Causalprincip'' (Physical Axioms and their Bearing upon Causality Principles) (Enke, Erlangen 1866).
* ''Handbuch der medicinischen Physik'' (Handbook of Medical Physics), (Enke, Erlangen 1867)
* ''Grundzüge der physiologischen Psychologie'' (Principles of Physiological Psychology), (Engelmann, Leipzig 1874) (has been revised and republished several times<ref>Graham Richards [http://books.google.es/books?id=KH2R4-1eEwAC&pg=PA46 ''Putting psychology in its place: critical historical perspectives''] p.46</ref>)
* ''Untersuchungen zur Mechanik der Nerven und Nervenzentren'' (Researches upon the Mechanisms of Nerves and Nerve-Centres), 1876
* ''Logik. Eine Untersuchen der Principien der Erkenntniss und der Methoden Wissenschaftlicher Forschung'' (Logic. An investigation into the principles of knowledge and the methods of scientific research), (Enke, Stuttgart 1880 & 1883), 3 Volumes and vol. 4
* ''Essays'', (Engelmann, Leipzig 1885).
* ''Ethik'' (Ethics), (Enke, Stuttgart 1886)
* ''System der Philosophie'' (System of Philosophy), (Engelmann, Leipzig 1889).
* ''Grundriss der Psychologie'' (Outline of Psychology), (Engelmann, Leipzig 1896).
* ''Völkerpsychologie'' (Social Psychology), 10 Volumes, (Engelmann, Leipzig 1900 to 1920)
**1, 2. ''Die Sprache'' (Language), Pt 1, 2. (1900)
**3. ''Die Kunst'' (Art). (1908)
**4, 5, 6. ''Mythos und Religion'' (Myth and Religion), Pt 1, 2, 3. (?1910, 1914, ?)
**7, 8. ''Die Gesellschaft'' (Society), Pt 1, 2. (1917)
**9. ''Das Recht'' (Right). (1918)
**10. ''Kultur in der Geschichte'' (Culture in History). (1920)
* ''Kleine Schriften'' (Shorter Writings), 3 Volumes, (Engelmann, Leipzig 1910).
* ''Einleitung in die Psychologie'' (Introduction to Psychology), (Engelmann, Leipzig 1911).
* ''Probleme der Völkerpsychologie'' (Problems of Social Psychology), (Wiegandt, Leipzig 1911).
* ''Elemente der Völkerpsychologie'' (''[https://archive.org/details/elementsoffolkps00wunduoft The Elements of Social Psychology]), (Kröner, Leipzig 1912).
* ''Reden und Aufsätze'' (Addresses and Extracts), (Kröner, Leipzig 1913).
* ''Sinnliche und übersinnliche Welt'' (The Sensory and Supersensory World), (Kröner, Leipzig 1914).
* ''Über den wahrhaften Krieg'' (About the Real War), (Kröner, Leipzig 1914).
* ''Die Nationen und ihre Philosophie'' (Nations and Their Philosophies), (Kröner, Leipzig 1915).
* ''Erlebtes und Erkanntes'' (Experience and Realization), (Kröner, Stuttgart 1920).
* ''Philosophische Studien'' (the first journal of psychology), 1871

==See also==
{{cols|1}}
* [[N. O. Lossky]]

==Notes and references==
{{reflist|2}}
{{refbegin|2}}
*{{cite journal
|last=Carpenter
|first=Shana K
|authorlink=
|date=August 2005
|title=Some neglected contributions of Wilhelm Wundt to the psychology of memory.
|journal=Psychological reports
|volume=97
|issue=1
|pages=63–73
| publisher =
| pmid = 16279306
| bibcode =
| url =
|doi=10.2466/PR0.97.5.63-73
 }}
*{{cite journal
|last=Steinberg
|first=H
|authorlink=
|date=November 2001
|title=[The psychologist and philosopher Wilhelm Wundt and a dedication by his student Emil Kraepelin]
|journal=Der Nervenarzt
|volume=72
|issue=11
|pages=884
| publisher =
| issn =
| pmid = 11758098
| bibcode =
| url =
| doi=10.1007/s001150170025
}}
*{{cite journal
|last=Ziche
|first=P
|authorlink=
|year=1999
|month=
|title=Neuroscience in its context. Neuroscience and psychology in the work of Wilhelm Wundt.
|journal=Physis; rivista internazionale di storia della scienza
|volume=36
|issue=2
|pages=407–29
| publisher =
| issn =
| pmid = 11640242
| bibcode =
| url =
}}
*{{cite journal
|last=Smith
|first=R
|authorlink=
|date=November 1982
|title=Wilhelm Wundt resurrected.
|journal=British journal for the history of science
|volume=15
|issue=51 Pt 3
|pages=285–91
| publisher =
| pmid = 11611088
| bibcode =
| url =
| doi = 10.1017/S0007087400019361
 }}
*{{cite journal
|last=Bringmann
|first=W G
|authorlink=
|author2=Balance, W D|author3= Evans, R B
|date=July 1975
|title=Wilhelm Wundt 1832-1920: a brief biographical sketch.
|journal=Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences
|volume=11
|issue=3
|pages=287–97
| publisher =
| pmid = 11609842
| bibcode =
| url =
|doi=10.1002/1520-6696(197507)11:3<287::AID-JHBS2300110309>3.0.CO;2-L
 }}
*{{cite journal
|last=Steinberg
|first=H
|authorlink=
|date=November 2001
|title=[The psychologist and philosopher Wilhelm Wundt and a dedication by his student Emil Kraepelin]
|journal=Der Nervenarzt
|volume=72
|issue=11
|pages=884
| publisher =
| issn =
| pmid = 11758098
| bibcode =
| url =
| doi=10.1007/s001150170025
}}
*{{cite journal|author=HICKS GD|title= Prof. Wilhelm Wundt|journal= Nature|location=London|date= 1920-09-16|volume=106|pages=83–85|doi=10.1038/106083a0}}
* {{cite journal
|author = Smith,Roger
|title = Wilhelm Wundt Resurrected
|journal = The British Journal for the History of Science
|volume = 15
|issue = 03
|date=October 1982
|issn = 1474-001X
|pages = 288
|doi = 10.1017/S0007087400019361
|url = http://journals.cambridge.org.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/article_S0007087400019361
|pmid=11611088
}}
*{{cite book|author=Daniel L. Schcter, Daniel T. Gilbert, Daniel M. Wegner|year=2009|edition= 2nd|title= Psychology: The evolution of a science|page= 9}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
*[[Joxe Azurmendi|Azurmendi, Joxe]]: "Herri Psikologia, Etnologia. Wundt" in: ''Volksgeist. Herri Gogoa'', Donostia: Elkar, 2007. pp. 199-214 ISBN 978-84-9783-404-9
*{{DSB |first=Arthur L. |last=Blumenthal |title=Wundt, Wilhelm  |volume=25 |pages=368-371 }}
he was born 1832
—

==External links==

* Neurotree: [http://neurotree.org/neurotree/peopleinfo.php?pid=147 Wilhelm Wundt Details]
*[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/wilhelm-wundt/ Detailed study by Alan Kim at Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
*[http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Wundt/Physio/ Principles of Physiological Psychology]
*[http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Wundt/Outlines/index.htm Outlines of Psychology]
*[http://wilhelmwundt.com/ Wilhelm Wundt - Father of Psychology]
* [http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/people/data?id=per160 Biography and bibliography] in the Virtual Laboratory of the [[Max Planck Institute for the History of Science]]
* [http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/wundt.shtml]
*{{sep entry|wilhelm-wundt}}

===Works online===
* ''Ethics: An Investigation of the Facts and Laws of the Moral Life''. Volume 1. (Tr. [[Edward B. Titchener]] ''et al.''.) <small>Second Edition, 1902.</small> [http://books.google.com/books?id=j2sAAAAAMAAJ University of Michigan].
* ''Lectures on Human and Animal Psychology''. (Trs. [[Edward B. Titchener]] and James E. Creighton.)
**<small>Second Edition, 1896.</small> [http://books.google.com/books?id=BX1ZS4yhgekC Harvard].
**<small>Fourth Edition, 1907.</small> [http://books.google.com/books?id=82ompkyCIzAC Stanford]; [https://archive.org/details/lecturesonhumana00wundiala UCLA]; [https://archive.org/details/lecturesonhumana00wund University of Illinois].
* ''Outlines of Psychology''. (Tr. [[Charles Hubbard Judd]].) <small>Second Edition, 1902.</small> [http://books.google.com/books?id=NtcLAAAAIAAJ Stanford].
* ''Principles of Physiological Psychology''. Volume 1. (Tr. [[Edward B. Titchener]].)
**<small>First Edition, 1904.</small> [http://books.google.com/books?id=b48RAAAAYAAJ Harvard]; [http://books.google.com/books?id=5Kl3s5zU1wUC Lane]; [http://books.google.com/books?id=p_IMAAAAIAAJ University of Michigan]; [http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Wundt/Physio/ HTML].
**<small>Second Edition, 1910.</small> [https://archive.org/details/principlesofphys00wundiala UCLA].

{{Psychology}}
{{philosophy of science}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=7472991 |GND=11863562X }}

{{Persondata
| NAME              = Wundt, Wilhelm
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = 
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = German psychologist
| DATE OF BIRTH     = 16 August 1832
| PLACE OF BIRTH    = [[Neckarau]] near [[Mannheim]], [[Grand Duchy of Baden]]
| DATE OF DEATH     = 31 August 1920
| PLACE OF DEATH    = 
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wundt, Wilhelm}}
[[Category:1832 births]]
[[Category:1920 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Mannheim]]
[[Category:German psychologists]]
[[Category:Experimental psychologists]]
[[Category:People from the Grand Duchy of Baden]]
[[Category:University of Tübingen alumni]]
[[Category:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni]]
[[Category:Heidelberg University alumni]]
[[Category:Heidelberg University faculty]]
[[Category:Leipzig University faculty]]
[[Category:Philosophers of science]]
[[Category:Honorary Members of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the Second Chamber of the Diet of the Grand Duchy of Baden]]
[[Category:Stage theories]]