View source for DSM-IV Codes

'''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision''', also known as ''[[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|DSM-IV-TR]]'', is a manual published by the [[American Psychiatric Association]] (APA) that includes all currently recognized [[mental illness|mental health]] disorders.  The coding system utilized by the DSM-IV is designed to correspond with codes from the [[ICD|International Classification of Diseases]], commonly referred to as the ICD.  Since early versions of the DSM did not correlate with ICD codes and updates of the publications for the ICD and the DSM are not simultaneous, some distinctions in the coding systems may still be present.  For this reason, it is recommended that users of these manuals consult the appropriate reference when accessing diagnostic codes.  

To see these codes listed alphabetically, rather than by category, click [[DSM-IV Codes (alphabetical)|here]].

* '''NOS''' = ''Not Otherwise Specified.''

== Disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence ==
=== Mental Retardation ===
* 317 Mild mental retardation
* 318.0 Moderate mental retardation
* 318.1 Severe mental retardation
* 318.2 Profound mental retardation
* 319 Mental retardation, severity unspecified

=== Learning disorders ===
* 315.00 [[Reading disability|Reading disorder]]
* 315.1 [[Mathematics disorder]]
* 315.2 [[Disorder of written expression]]
* 315.9 [[Learning disorder]] NOS

=== Motor skills disorders===
* 315.4 [[Developmental dyspraxia|Developmental coordination disorder]]

===Communication disorders ===
* 315.31 [[Expressive language disorder]]
* 315.32 [[Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder]]
* 315.39 [[Phonological disorder]]
* 307.0 [[Stuttering]]
* 307.9 [[Communication disorder]] NOS

=== Pervasive developmental disorders ===
* 299.00 [[Autism|Autistic Disorder]]
* 299.80 [[Rett syndrome|Rett's Disorder]]
* 299.10 [[Childhood Disintegrative Disorder]]
* 299.80 [[Asperger syndrome|Asperger’s Disorder]]
* 299.80 [[Pervasive Developmental Disorder]] NOS

=== Attention-deficit and disruptive behavior disorders ===
* [[Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder]]
** 314.01 Combined subtype
** 314.01 [[ADHD predominantly hyperactive-impulsive|Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive subtype]]
** 314.00 [[ADHD predominantly inattentive|Predominantly inattentive subtype]]
** 314.9 Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder NOS
* [[Conduct disorder]]
** 312.81 Childhood onset
** 312.82 Adolescent onset
** 312.89 Unspecified onset
* 313.81 [[Oppositional Defiant Disorder]]
* 312.9 Disruptive Behavior Disorder NOS

===Feeding and eating disorders of infancy or early childhood ===
* 307.52 [[Pica (disorder)|Pica]]
* 307.59 Feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood

===Tic disorders===
* 307.23 [[Tourette syndrome|Tourette’s Disorder]]
* 307.22 Chronic motor or vocal [[tic disorder]]
* 307.21 Transient tic disorder
* 307.20 Tic disorder NOS

===Elimination disorders===
* [[Encopresis]]
** 787.6 Encopresis, with constipation and overflow incontinence
** 307.7 Encopresis, without constipation and overflow incontinence
* 307.6 [[Enuresis]] (not due to a general medical condition)

===Other disorders of infancy, childhood, or adolescence===
* 309.21 [[Separation anxiety disorder]]
* 313.23 [[Selective mutism]]
* 313.89 [[Reactive attachment disorder]] of infancy or early childhood
* 307.3 [[Stereotypic movement disorder]]
* 313.9 Disorder of infancy, childhood, or adolescence NOS

[[#top|Top]]

==Delirium, dementia, and amnestic and other cognitive disorders ==
=== Delirium===
* 293.0 [[Delirium]] due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
* 780.09 Delirium NOS

=== Dementia===
* 290.10 [[Dementia]] due to [[Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease]]
* 294.1 Dementia due to [[head trauma]]
* 294.9 Dementia due to [[HIV]] disease
* 294.1 Dementia due to [[Huntington's disease]]
* 294.1 Dementia due to [[Parkinson's disease]]
* 290.10 Dementia due to [[Pick’s disease]]
* 294.1 Dementia due to... [indicate other general medical condition]
* 294.8 Dementia NOS
* [[Alzheimer's disease|Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type]], with early onset
** 290.10 Uncomplicated
** 290.11 With delirium
** 290.12 With [[delusion]]s
** 290.13 With [[Depression (mood)|depressed mood]]
* Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type, with late onset
** 290.0 Uncomplicated
** 290.3 With delirium
** 290.20 With delusions
** 290.21 With depressed mood
* [[Multi-infarct dementia|Vascular dementia]]
** 290.41 With delirium
** 290.42 With delusions
** 290.43 With depressed mood

===Amnestic disorders===
* 294.0 [[Amnesia|Amnestic disorder]] due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
* 294.8 Amnestic disorder NOS

=== Other cognitive disorders ===
* 294.9 [[Cognitive disorder]] NOS

[[#top|Top]]

==Mental disorders due to a general medical condition not elsewhere classified==
* 293.89 [[Catatonia|Catatonic]] disorder due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
* 310.1 Personality change due to... [indicate the general medical condition] 
** (Subtypes: Labile, Disinhibited, Aggressive, Apathetic, Paranoid, Other, Combined, Unspecified)
* 293.9 Mental disorder NOS due to... [indicate the general medical condition]

[[#top|Top]]

==Substance-related disorders==
===Alcohol-related disorders===
* Alcohol
** 305.00 Abuse
** 303.90 Dependence
** 291.8 -Induced [[anxiety disorder]]
** 291.8 -Induced [[mood disorder]]
** 291.1 -Induced persisting [[Amnesia|amnestic]] disorder
** 291.2 -Induced persisting [[dementia]]
** 291.5 -Induced [[Psychosis|psychotic disorder]], with delusions
** 291.3 -Induced [[Psychosis|psychotic disorder]], with [[hallucination]]s
** 291.8 -Induced [[Sexual problems#Symptoms|sexual dysfunction]]
** 291.8 -Induced [[sleep disorder]]
** 303.00 [[Alcohol intoxication|Intoxication]]
** 291.0 Intoxication delirium
** 291.9 -Related disorder NOS
** 291.8 [[Withdrawal]]
** 291.0 Withdrawal delirium

===Amphetamine (or amphetamine-like) related disorders===
* [[Amphetamine]] (or amphetamine-like)
** 305.70 Abuse
** 304.40 Dependence
** 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
** 292.84 -Induced mood disorder
** 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
** 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
** 292.89 -Induced sexual dysfunction
** 292.89 -Induced sleep disorder
** 292.89 [[Substance intoxication|Intoxication]]
** 292.81 Intoxication delirium
** 292.9 -Related disorder NOS
** 292.0 Withdrawal

===Caffeine-related disorders===
* [[Caffeine]]
** 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
** 292.89 -Induced sleep disorder
** 305.90 [[Caffeine intoxication|Intoxication]]
** 292.9 -Related disorder NOS

===Cannabis-related disorders===
* [[Cannabis]]
** 305.20 Abuse
** 304.30 Dependence
** 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
** 292.11 -Induced [[psychotic]] disorder, with delusions
** 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
** 292.89 [[Effects of cannabis|Intoxication]]
** 292.81 Intoxication delirium
** 292.9 -Related disorder NOS

===Cocaine-related disorders===
* [[Cocaine]]
** 305.60 Abuse
** 304.20 Dependence
** 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
** 292.84 -Induced mood disorder
** 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
** 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
** 292.89 -Induced sexual dysfunction
** 292.89 -Induced sleep disorder
** 292.89 [[Cocaine intoxication|Intoxication]]
** 292.81 Intoxication delirium
** 292.9 -Related disorder NOS
** 292.0 Withdrawal

===Hallucinogen-related disorders===<!-- This section is linked from [[Drug addiction]] -->
*[[Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants|Hallucinogen]]
** 305.30 Abuse
** 304.50 Dependence
** 292.89 -Induced [[anxiety]] disorder
** 292.84 -Induced [[mood disorder]]
** 292.11 -Induced [[psychotic]] disorder, with [[delusions]]
** 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with [[hallucinations]]
** 292.89 Intoxication
** 292.81 Intoxication delirium
** 292.89 [[Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder|-persisting perception disorder]]
** 292.9 -Related disorder NOS

===Inhalant-related disorders===
* [[Inhalant]]
** 305.90 Abuse
** 304.60 Dependence
** 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
** 292.84 -Induced mood disorder
** 292.82 -Induced persisting [[dementia]]
** 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
** 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
** 292.89 [[Substance intoxication|Intoxication]]
** 292.81 Intoxication delirium
** 292.9 -Related disorder NOS

===Nicotine-related disorders===
* [[Nicotine]]
** 305.1 Dependence
** 292.9 -Related disorder NOS
** 292.0 Withdrawal

===Opioid-related disorders===
* [[Opioid]]
** 305.50 Abuse
** 304.00 Dependence
** 292.84 -Induced mood disorder
** 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
** 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
** 292.89 -Induced [[sexual dysfunction]]
** 292.89 -Induced [[Sexual problems#Symptoms|sleep disorder]]
** 292.89 [[Toxidrome#Opiate_toxidrome|Intoxication]]
** 292.81 Intoxication delirium
** 292.9 -Related disorder NOS
** 292.0 Withdrawal

===Phencyclidine (or phencyclidine-like) related disorders===
* [[Phencyclidine]] (or phencyclidine-like)
** 305.90 Abuse
** 304.90 Dependence
** 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
** 292.84 -Induced mood disorder
** 292.11 -Induced [[psychotic disorder]], with delusions
** 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
** 292.89 Intoxication
** 292.81 Intoxication delirium
** 292.9 -Related disorder NOS

=== Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-related disorders===
* [[Sedative]], [[hypnotic]], or [[anxiolytic]]
** 305.40 Abuse
** 304.10 Dependence
** 292.89 -Induced [[anxiety disorder]]
** 292.84 -Induced [[mood disorder]]
** 292.83 -Induced persisting [[Amnesia|amnestic disorder]]
** 292.82 -Induced persisting dementia
** 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
** 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
** 292.89 -Induced sexual dysfunction
** 292.89 -Induced sleep disorder
** 292.89 Intoxicationlalala
** 292.81 Intoxication delirium
** 292.9 -Related disorder NOS
** 292.0 Withdrawal
** 292.81 Withdrawal delirium

===Polysubstance-related disorder===
* 304.80 [[Substance abuse|Polysubstance]] dependence

===Other (or unknown) substance-related disorder===
* Other (or unknown) substance
** 305.90 Abuse
** 304.90 Dependence
** 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder
** 292.81 -Induced delirium
** 292.84 -Induced mood disorder
** 292.83 -Induced persisting amnestic disorder
** 292.82 -Induced persisting dementia
** 292.11 -Induced psychotic disorder, with delusions
** 292.12 -Induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations
** 292.89 -Induced sexual dysfunction
** 292.89 -Induced sleep disorder
** 292.89 [[Substance intoxication|Intoxication]]
** 292.9 -Related disorder NOS
** 292.0 Withdrawal

[[#top|Top]]

==Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders==
* [[Schizophrenia]]
** 295.2 [[Catatonia|Catatonic]] type
** 295.1 [[disorganized schizophrenia|Disorganized]] type
** 295.3 [[Schizophrenia#Subtypes|Paranoid]] type
** 295.6 Residual type
** 295.9 Undifferentiated type
* 295.4 [[Schizophreniform]] disorder
* 295.7 [[Schizoaffective disorder]]
* 297.1 [[Delusional disorder]]
** [[Erotomanic]] subtype
** [[Grandiose delusions|Grandiose]] subtype
** [[Delusional jealousy|Jealous]] subtype
** [[Persecutory delusions|Persecutory]] subtype
** [[Somatic]] subtype
** Mixed type
* 298.8 Brief psychotic disorder
* 297.3 [[Folie à deux|Shared psychotic disorder]]
* [[Psychotic disorder]] due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
** 293.81 With delusions
** 293.82 With hallucinations
* 298.9 Psychotic disorder NOS

[[#top|Top]]

== Mood disorders ==
===Depressive disorders===
* 300.4 [[Dysthymia|Dysthymic]] disorder
* [[Major depressive disorder]]
** Major depressive disorder, recurrent
*** 296.36 In full remission
*** 296.35 In partial remission
*** 296.31 Mild
*** 296.32 Moderate
*** 296.33 Severe without psychotic features
*** 296.34 Severe with psychotic features
*** 296.30 Unspecified
** Major depressive disorder, single episode
*** 296.26 In full remission
*** 296.25 In partial remission
*** 296 21 Mild
*** 296.22 Moderate
*** 296.23 Severe without psychotic features
*** 296.24 Severe with psychotic features
*** 296.20 Unspecified
* 311 [[Depressive Disorder Not Otherwise Specified|Depressive disorder NOS]]

===Bipolar disorders===
* [[Current diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder|Bipolar disorders]]
** 296.80 [[Bipolar disorder NOS]]
** [[Bipolar I|Bipolar I disorder]], most recent episode [[Clinical depression|depressed]]
*** 296.56 In full remission
*** 296.55 In partial remission
*** 296.51 Mild
*** 296.52 Moderate
*** 296.53 Severe without psychotic features
*** 296.54 Severe with psychotic features
*** 296.50 Unspecified
** 296.40 Bipolar I disorder, most recent episode [[hypomanic]]
** Bipolar I disorder, most recent episode [[manic]]
*** 296.46 In full remission
*** 296.45 In partial remission
*** 296.41 Mild
*** 296.42 Moderate
*** 296.43 Severe without psychotic features
*** 296.44 Severe with psychotic features
*** 296.40 Unspecified
** Bipolar I disorder, most recent episode [[Mixed state (psychiatry)|mixed]]
*** 296.66 In full remission
*** 296.65 In partial remission
*** 296.61 Mild
*** 296.62 Moderate
*** 296.63 Severe without psychotic features
*** 296.64 Severe with psychotic features
*** 296.60 Unspecified
** 296.7 Bipolar I disorder, most recent episode unspecified
** Bipolar I disorder, single manic episode
*** 296.06 In full remission
*** 296.05 In partial remission
*** 296.01 Mild
*** 296.02 Moderate
*** 296.03 Severe without psychotic features
*** 296.04 Severe with psychotic features
*** 296.00 Unspecified
** 296.89 [[Bipolar II disorder]]
* 301.13 [[Cyclothymia|Cyclothymic]] disorder
* [[Mood disorder]]
** 293.83 Mood disorder due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
** 296.90 Mood disorder NOS

[[#top|Top]]

==Anxiety disorders==
* 300.02 [[General anxiety disorder|Generalized anxiety disorder]]
* [[Panic disorder]]
** 300.21 With [[agoraphobia]]
** 300.01 Without agoraphobia
* 300.22 [[Agoraphobia without history of panic disorder]]
* 300.29 [[Specific phobia]]
* 300.23 [[Social phobia]]
* 300.3 [[Obsessive-compulsive disorder]]
* 309.81 [[Posttraumatic stress disorder]]
* 308.3 Acute stress disorder
* [[Anxiety disorder]]
** 293.89 Anxiety disorder due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
** 300.00 Anxiety disorder NOS

[[#top|Top]]

== Somatoform disorders ==
* 300.81 [[Somatization disorder]]
* 300.81 Undifferentiated [[somatoform disorder]]
* 300.11 [[Conversion disorder]]
* Pain disorder
** 307.89 Associated with both psychological factors and a general medical condition
** 307.80 Associated with psychological factors
* 300.7 [[Hypochondria]]sis
* 300.7 [[Body dysmorphic disorder]]
* 300.81 Somatoform disorder NOS
[[#top|Top]]

== Factitious disorders ==
* [[Factitious disorder]]
** 300.19 With combined psychological and physical signs and symptoms
** 300.19 With predominantly physical signs and symptoms
** 300.16 With predominantly psychological signs and symptoms
** 300.19 Factitious disorder NOS

[[#top|Top]]

== Dissociative disorders ==
*300.6 [[Depersonalization disorder]]
*300.12 [[Dissociative amnesia]]
*300.13 [[Fugue state|Dissociative fugue]]
*300.14 [[Dissociative identity disorder]]
*300.15 [[Dissociation (psychology)|Dissociative disorder]] NOS

[[#top|Top]]

== Sexual and gender identity disorders ==
=== Sexual dysfunctions ===
* 625.8 Female hypoactive sexual desire disorder due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
* 608.89 Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
* 302.71 Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
* 302.79 [[Sexual aversion disorder]]
* 302.72 Female sexual arousal disorder
* 302.72 [[Impotence|Male erectile disorder]]
* 607.84 Male erectile disorder due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
* 302.73 Female orgasmic disorder
* 302.74 Male orgasmic disorder
* 302.75 [[Premature ejaculation]]
* 302.76 [[Dyspareunia]] (not due to a general medical condition)
* 625.0 Female dyspareunia due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
* 608.89 Male dyspareunia due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
* 306.51 [[Vaginismus]] (not due to a general medical condition)
* 625.8 Other female [[Sexual problems#Symptoms|sexual dysfunction]] due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
* 608.89 Other male sexual dysfunction due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
* Sexual Abuse
** V61.1 [[Sexual abuse]] of adult
** 995.81 Sexual abuse of adult (if focus of attention is on victim)
** V61.21 Sexual abuse of child
** 995.5 Sexual abuse of child (if focus of attention is on victim)

* 302.9 Sexual disorder NOS
* 302.70 Sexual dysfunction NOS

===Paraphilias===
''See also: [[List of paraphilias]]''
*302.4 [[Exhibitionist|Exhibitionism]]
*302.81 [[Sexual fetishism|Fetishism]]
*302.89 [[Frotteurism]]
*302.2 [[Pedophilia]]
*302.83 Sexual [[Sadomasochism|masochism]]
*302.84 Sexual [[Sadism and Masochism|sadism]]
*302.3 [[Transvestic fetishism]]
*302.82 [[Voyeurism]]
*302.9 [[Paraphilia]] NOS (not otherwise specified)

=== Gender identity disorders ===
*[[Gender identity disorder]]
** 302.85 In adolescents or adults
** 302.6 In children
** 302.6 Gender identity disorder NOS

== Eating disorders ==
* 307.1 [[Anorexia nervosa]]
* 307.51 [[Bulimia nervosa]]
* 307.53 [[Rumination syndrome]]
* 307.50 [[Eating disorder not otherwise specified]] (EDNOS)

[[#top|Top]]

== Sleep disorders ==
=== Primary sleep disorders ===
* 307.44 Primary [[hypersomnia]]
* 307.42 Primary [[insomnia]]
* 347 [[Narcolepsy]]
* 780.59 Breathing-related [[sleep disorder]]
* 307.45 [[Circadian rhythm sleep disorder]]
* 307.47 [[Dyssomnia]] NOS

=== Parasomnias ===
* 307.47 [[Nightmare disorder]]
* 307.46 [[Sleep terror disorder]]
* 307.46 Sleepwalking disorder
* 307.47 [[Parasomnia]] NOS

=== Other sleep disorders ===
* [[Sleep disorder]]
** Sleep disorder due to... [indicate the general medical condition]
** 780.54 Hypersomnia type
** 780.52 Insomnia type
** 780.59 Mixed type
** 780.59 Parasomnia type
* 307.42 Insomnia related to... [indicate the [[Axis I]] or [[Axis II]] disorder]
* 307.44 Hypersomnia related to... [indicate the Axis I or Axis II disorder]

[[#top|Top]]

== Impulse-control disorders not elsewhere classified ==
* 312.34 [[Intermittent explosive disorder]]
* 312.32 [[Kleptomania]]
* 312.33 [[Pyromania]]
* 312.31 [[Pathological gambling]]
* 312.39 [[Trichotillomania]]
* 312.30 Impulse-control disorder NOS

[[#top|Top]]

== Adjustment disorders ==
* [[Adjustment disorder]]s
** 309.9 Unspecified
** 309.24 With [[anxiety]]
** 309.0 With [[Depression (mood)|depressed mood]]
** 309.3 With disturbance of conduct
** 309.28 With mixed anxiety and depressed mood
** 309.4 With mixed disturbance of [[emotion]]s and conduct

[[#top|Top]]

== Personality disorders (Axis II) ==
Cluster A (odd or eccentric)
* 301.0 [[Paranoid personality disorder]]
* 301.20 [[Schizoid personality disorder]]
* 301.22 [[Schizotypal personality disorder]]
Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic)
* 301.7 [[Antisocial personality disorder]]
* 301.83 [[Borderline personality disorder]]
* 301.50 [[Histrionic personality disorder]]
* 301.81 [[Narcissistic personality disorder]]
Cluster C (anxious or fearful)
* 301.82 [[Avoidant personality disorder]]
* 301.6 [[Dependent personality disorder]]
* 301.4 [[Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder]]
NOS
* 301.9 [[Personality disorder not otherwise specified]]

[[#top|Top]]

== Additional codes ==
* V62.3 Academic problem
* V62.4 [[Acculturation]] problem
* 995.2 Adverse effects of medication NOS
* 780.9 Age-related [[cognitive]] decline
* Antisocial behavior
** V71.01 Adult [[antisocial]] behavior
** V71.02 Child or adolescent antisocial behavior
* V62.82 [[Bereavement]]
* V62.89 [[Mental retardation#Ranges of IQ|Borderline intellectual functioning]]
* 313.82 Identity problem
* [[Psychopharmacology|Medication]]-induced
* Movement disorder 
** 333.90 Movement disorder NOS
** 333.1 [[Tremor#Types|Postural tremor]]
* Neglect of child
** V61.21 Neglect of child
** 995.5 Neglect of child (if focus of attention is on victim)
* [[Antipsychotic|Neuroleptic-induced]]
** 333.99 Acute [[akathisia]]
** 333.7 Acute [[dystonia]]
** 332.1 [[Parkinson]]ism
** 333.82 [[Tardive dyskinesia]]
** 333.92 [[Neuroleptic malignant syndrome]]
* V71.09 No diagnosis on Axis II
* V71.09 No diagnosis or condition on Axis I
* V15.81 Noncompliance with treatment
* V62.2 Occupational problem
* V61.20 Parent-child relational problem
* V61.1 Partner relational problem
* V62.89 Phase of life problem
* Physical abuse
** V61.1 [[Physical abuse]] of adult
** 995.81 Physical abuse of adult (if focus of attention is on victim)
** V61.21 Physical abuse of child
** 995.5 Physical abuse of child (if focus of attention is on victim)
* 316 Psychological factors affecting medical condition
* Relational problem
** V62.81 Relational problem NOS
** V61.9 Relational problem related to a mental disorder or general medical condition
* V62.89 Religious or spiritual problem
* V61.8 Sibling relational problem
* 300.9 [[Mental illness|Unspecified mental disorder]] (nonpsychotic)
* 799.9 Diagnosis deferred on Axis II
* 799.9 Diagnosis or condition deferred on Axis I
* V65.2 [[Malingering]]


==External links==
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20070630225823/http://dsmivtr.org/index.cfm The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)], published by the [[American Psychiatric Association]] ([[American Psychiatric Association|APA]], via [[archive.org]]).
*[http://www.aafp.org/online/en/home/publications/journals/fpm/icd9.html American Academy of Family Physicians ICD-9 Coding Tools]